Case finds of formalin in a few food product, not only awakes public to be more selective in consuming food, but on the other side making we to revise how usage ought to be preservative in other food and processing result. This is also generates discourse to alternative of preservative which more safe for human body health.
Preservative of course required to prevent microorganism activity and or prevents fallout process happened as according to time increase, that quality of food always awakes as according to consumer hope. Thereby, preservative required in food processing, but we must remain to considers it. Up to now, usage of inappropriate preserver of still often happened and has in such a way wide, without bothering its impact to consumer health.
According Food and Drugs Administration ( FDA), security and safety a food preserver must consider number of possibly consumed in food product or number of matters which will be formed in food from preserver usage, effect accumulation of from preserver in food and toxicity potency which can happened from preserver if it is digested by man or animal, including potency causes cancer . Preserver may not be applied to deceive consumer with changing food appearance from ought. Example preserver containing sulfite is prohibited applied at flesh because the matter can cause ruddling at flesh so that ignorable categorically is the flesh be fresh flesh or not.
At animal, formalin clearly haves the character of carcinogenic because of research of use attempt animal explained by formalin with concentration of 6 to 15 ppm during 2 year simply formalin induces squamous-cell carcinoma at mouse nasal cavity and white mouse. Because usage of formalin still crowded in public. The reality is preservative still is required, hence required existence of alternative, other of which can replace formalin as preserver, one of them is is seed Kepayang.
Seed Kepayang
This crop comes from plant Pangium edule with classification as follows ;
Divisio : Spermatophyta
Sub Divisio : Angiospermae
Class : Dicotyledonae
Nation : Cistales
Tribe : Flacouritaceae
Genus : Pangium
Spesies : Pangium edule
This crop has some names according to area where this crop stays. In Indonesia Language, called as Kepayang, while according to Malay called as Pangi. Other mention for kepayang at some regions in Indonesia;
1. Jakarta : Pucung
2. North Sumatra : Hapesong
3. Minangkabau : Kapayang, Lapencuang, Kapecong, Simaung
4. Lampung : Kayu tuba buah
5. West Java : Pacung, Picung
6. Central Java : Pakem
7. Bali and Bugis : Pangi
8. Sumbawa dan Makasar : Kalowa
This crop tree has height until 40 m with stalk diameter 2,5 m. If seeing description is upper, hence can be told this crop grows is widespread almost in all area in Indonesia. Kepayang starts bearing fruit in the beginning of the rains at the age of 15 years with number of 300 seeds in every trees.
This crop has is old is applied as component of fish preserver. To be able to exploit it as preserver, seed choped up to be smooth and put to under sun shine during 2-3 days. Chops result up this crop then is packed into fish stomach sea which has been cleaned its. Chops up seed Kepayang to have effectiveness as finite fish preserver of 6 day . Special for transportation of long distance, this crop mingled salt, with comparison of 1 part of salt and 3 part of seed Kepayang.
Besides as fish preserver, still many usefulness of this crop, for example its wood is usable for match stick., its seed as antiseptic. Skin , wood which crumpled and spread to water can kill fish and also prawn. Besides, seed core grind applicable to clean flea / tick at cow. But, must be paid attention doesn't provocated by livestock at the time of done by therapy because acidulous of cyanide.
As young generation which intellect and scientis, we should learning ought to from has have been done our great-grandparents. We are living in this era technology earns easily studies crop Kepayang as preserver. Research about the compound content in fruit, its the leaf and also bar must always is dug to can find formula which more safe serve the purpose of food material preserver.
Saturday, December 20, 2008
Natural Preserver Substitution of Formalin in Indonesian
Thursday, December 11, 2008
NUMBER OF EGGS IN A NEST DEPEND ON CLIMATE
Researchers can accurately predict egg counts for virtually all bird species
Some birds lay one egg while others lay up to 50 or more, and now researchers have figured out why, to the point where they can accurately predict egg counts for virtually all bird species.
Their forecasting might seem like an egg conjuring trick, but the secret comes down to predictors, such as the type of nest the bird builds and how close each avian species is to the poles.
Tropical birds, as it turns out, have a more laid-back approach, with generally fewer eggs within each clutch.
"You'd think it would be just the opposite, as the hypothesis for years was that the large amount of resources in the tropics would lead to more egg laying productivity, but we determined that wasn't the case," lead author Walter Jetz told Discovery News.
"Seasonality is far more important than the absolute amount of resources," added Jetz, an associate professor of biology at
the University of California at San Diego.
He explained that the closer birds are to the poles, the more extreme seasons they experience. Species in these locations often have higher mortality rates. It's therefore to their advantage to lay more eggs when they can, before it's too late.
Defined seasons also lead to peak periods of food and habitat availability, such as during spring. Suddenly birds find themselves with "huge amounts of resources, so they capitalize on them much more than at the tropics, where no such peaks exist," Jetz said.
For the study, he and his colleagues compiled information on clutch size, avian body mass, migratory behavior, nest type, bird diet, latitude, temperature and more. The scientists observed patterns in the numbers of eggs birds laid, allowing them to create a model that predicts variations in clutch sizes both on global and more localized levels.
The findings are published in the latest PLoS Biology.
In addition to seasonality, whether or not a bird lays its eggs in a protective cavity or just out in the open helps to predict its number of eggs.
"The hypothesis is that cavities are better protected, so woodpeckers, chickadees and other cavity nesters are less likely to be raided, so they tend to invest more in egg laying," Jetz said.
"Ground nesters, on the other hand, shouldn't put all of their eggs in one basket," he added, since predators are then more likely to find themselves with a free and easy egg dinner.
It would seem logical that all birds would hide their eggs in protective cavities, but he explained that, "not all the world is covered with trees." Birds in the desert, for example, often have no choice but to lay their eggs more in the open. Cavity nesting also is an ability that only a select group of birds evolved.
The scientists additionally determined that migrating birds tend to lay more eggs. Birds within certain families also tend to share similar clutch sizes. Big, flightless birds, for example, may often have large clutches containing anywhere from 10 to 74 eggs.
Robert Ricklefs, a professor of biology at University of Missouri at St. Louis, told Discovery News that, "Dr. Jetz's study is notable for its comprehensiveness and the excellent analytical applications."
Ricklefs added that he was "especially gratified to see that seasonality of temperature, migration, and nest type play the dominant roles, as these factors have been particularly prominent in the literature."
Given the importance of climate to birds, the global egg count, and consequently avian populations worldwide, may be in jeopardy due to climate change.
It has the potential of not only harming a "bird's way of life, but also its where of life," Jetz said, referring to how many species may be forced to shift their geographical ranges.
In the future, the new clutch size prediction model could help conservationists and other avian experts to better understand bird egg laying patterns in what Jetz and his colleagues call "a world of change."
By Jennifer Viegas, Discovery Channel
All About Me
I' am from Indonesia.
My Father is working as public servant in Barabai City, a city of my birth.
My mother is a housewife whom very our loves.
My brother has been working in a company which ranged in production oil palm in Banjarbaru and my sister still study in Junior High School.
They are very good and friendly.
Because of them I can always spirit and optimist to lead a life.
Nowadays, I am is student in a university from east Indonesian.
My collage is Lambung Mangkurat University, it is situated at Banjarbaru City.
I'am choosing study Chemistry Department there is.
I'am happy can study in my collage because there is I got many experience.
In South Kalimantan many tourists area that can making me interesting it.
There are beach tourist, mountain tourist, swamp and forest tourist and don't that forget South Kalimantan has be known as City of Thousand River
If friend like a tour so these is a good place, I will be receive with open arms and your well guide
May be just a few word that can I write in my Blog, I want span a yarn about my life but I'am still learn write in English, substantively I can't English
I want speak and write English fluently, so I will go to learning English seriously
I hope any of us in the world can make a friendship
Peach of the World
Thank for all
